[본문의 동영상 강의 연우리 영어 유튜브] → FDq5DR3tgxU
[ET64-3-2]2771. [광운대학교 2004-1]
Select one which is not acceptable for standard written English.
(A) If only we knew where to look for him!
(B) I hoped he will have finished before we got back.
(C) Ann wants to see Peter, but I'd rather she didn't.
(D) Had you obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened.
[ET64-3-2]2771. [종속절의 시제 일치 + would rather 가정법]
정답 - B : [will] → [would] : 'hoped'에 걸려 있으므로 과거형을 써야 한다.
[해석] 우리가 도착하기 전에 그가 마무리를 한 상태이기를 바랬다.
A : If only ~ : ~하기만 하면 좋으련만 = I do wish ~
[해석] 어디에서 그를 찾을 수 있지는 알기만 하면 좋으련만.
C : I'd rather + 가정법
[해석] 앤은 피터를 만나기를 원하지만 나는 그녀가 만나지 않으면 좋겠다.
D : 가정법 도치형 : Had you obeyed ~ = If you had obeyed ~
[해석] 네가 명령을 따랐더라면 이 재난은 일어나지 않았을 것이다.
[핵심 문법] would rather 가정법, would that 가정법, would rather 원형
(1) would that 가정법
May he come tomorrow! (I hope he will come tomorrow.)
Would that he came tomorrow!
'May'는 기원문으로 'I hope'에 맞먹는 표현이라면 'Would'는 어원 자체가 같은 'I wish'에 맞먹는 표현으로 'that 절'에는 미래 언급이면 가정법 과거가 따른다.
May he be here now! (I hope he is here now.)
Would (that) he were here now.
Would that I had a Rolls Royce! (= I wish I had a Rolls Royce!)
Would that I could fly! (= I wish I could fly!)
'Would'는 'I wish'에 해당되는 표현이므로 현재 언급이면 가정법 과거가 사용되어야 한다.
A : My Lady, your public manner and sharp discourtesy provoke many to laugh behind my back.
B : It must be so. For both our sakes. This you know full well.”
A : Yet I would you were not quite so strong in your manner.”
옛 어투에서는 'would' 앞에 'I'가 사용되기도 한다.
(?)May he have come yesterday! (I hope he came yesterday.)
Would that he had come yesterday!
'Would that 절'에는 과거 언급이면 가정법 과거완료가 쓰인다.
A : You are too munificent.
B : No, sir : would to heaven I could as well give health to you, as that plate.
(would to haven : 반드시, 제발 ~이면 좋은)
(2) would rather 원형 or would rather have PP
I'd rather / sooner be a miner than a bank clerk.
I'd far / much rather be happy than rich.
I'd far / much sooner be young than old.
'would rather / sooner 원형'은 '~이고 / ~하고 싶다'의 뜻으로 쓰인다.
If I'd lived in 1400, I'd rather have been a knight than a monk.
If she'd had the chance, she'd rather have lived 100 years ago.
'would rather have PP'는 과거 언급으로 쓰인다.
A : Did you enjoy the movie?
B : It was O.K. but __________ to the concert.
(A) I'd rather go (B) I'd like to (C) I have gone (D) I'd rather have gone
정답 - D : 언급 시점이 과거 언급이므로 'would have PP'를 사용한다.
A : Are you coming with us? B : I'd rather not.
A : Would you rather have been a knight? B : I'd rather not (have been).
대답할 때 대형태인 'not'을 사용한 경우들이다.
(3) would rather 가정법
I'd rather you were happy. (현재 언급)
I'd rather you worked in the same job as I do. "네가 나하고 같은 일을 한다면 좋겠다.'
I'd rather he called on me tomorrow. '차라리 그가 내일 나를 방문해주면 좋겠다."
I'd rather she sat next to me.
'I would rather 절'에는 현재 언급이면 가정법 과거가 사용된다.
A : Why don't I come over tomorrow afternoon?
B : Tomorrow's difficult. I'd rather you __________ next weekend.
(A) came (B) could come (C) will come (D) are coming
정답 - A : 'would rather 가정법'의 미래 언급이므로 가정법 과거(came)를 사용한다.
I'd rather she did not / *would not take this train. "이 기차를 타지 않으면 좋겠다."
'rather'는 비교급이고 그 뒤에 'if'를 쓰지는 않지만 실제로는 조건절이나 다름없어서 미래 언급이어도 뒤에 'would'를 쓰지 않는다.
A : John wants to see you today.
B : I would rather he __________ tomorrow than today.
(A) come (B) came (C) would come (D) should come
정답 - B : 'would rather 가정법'의 미래 언급이므로 가정법 과거(came)를 사용한다.
C : 'would rather 가정법'의 경우 미래 언급이어도 'would'를 사용하지 않는다.
I would rather *that they gave us more time.
I would rather they gave us more time. "그들이 우리에게 시간을 더 준다면 좋겠다."
'if'를 쓰지 않지만 의미상 숨어있으므로 'that'을 쓰면 안 된다.
I'd rather he had gone to school yesterday. '그가 어제 학교에 갔으면 좋았을 것을."
I'd rather you had been present.
I'd rather he hadn't told me about it.
Katie went by car and I'd rather she hadn't.
과거 언급이면 가정법 과거 완료를 사용한다.
I'd rather / sooner Jack left on an earlier train.
A : Would you sooner I stayed here with you? B : No thanks.
가정법 과거인 경우 'sooner'도 드물게 쓰인다.
I'd (just) as soon you didn't take these important papers with you.
"이 중요한 서류들은 지니고 있지 않는 것이 낫겠다."
'would as soon'도 쓰일 수가 있다.
A : Frank wants to buy a motorbike. B : I'd rather he didn't.
A : I've told everyone about it. B : I'd rather you hadn't.
응답을 할 때 반복을 피하여 '기능사 + not'을 사용하고 있다.
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